Why have the 1980s been described as a lost decade in terms of Essay

Why have the 1980s been depicted as a lost decade as far as improvement - Essay Example Considering the end in third world monetary development following the start of the obligation emergency, particularly in Latin America, nearly everybody concurred that the tag â€Å"lost decade of development† depicting the 1980s was exact (Santiso 2003, p. 297). The finish of the second World War can be viewed as playing a part in beginning of a particular type of world clash the virus war. The two superpowers (the U.S. also, USSR) became hyper-dubious of each other’s thought processes, making an antagonistic vibe that endured till late 1980s. Truman’s Point Four Program tended to the international strategy of the nation and built up a cutting edge period for commitment in universal legislative issues. One of the extraordinary topics in the four point plan was to help more countries in post World War II and help the nations reestablish their economies, other than shielding them from socialist control (Santiso 2003, p. 297). The Keynesian methodology subtleties financial development, requiring government direction and extremist strategies that go around the repetitive insecurities, which tormented the pre-war economies. The current universal foundations (the UN, IMF, and World Bank) remain firmly established in an unmistakable memorable time molded by developing Keynesian accord and typify an endeavor to systematize this approach structure at a global stage. Improvement ways of thinking consolidated during the post-war period incorporate modernization hypotheses (1950s, mid 1960s); reliance speculations (late 1960s, mid 1970s); world economy see (late 1970s, mid 1980s) and fundamental needs draws near (late 1970s). Different schools incorporate elective methods of creation viewpoint (1980s) and supportable vocation approach. Modernization hypothesis was a solid component in the expanding Third World evaluate of western thoughts and practices on improvement and strengthened the idea that underdevelopment could be made (through imperialism or potentially misuse) rather than being an out and out common state (Katie 2005, p. 32). From

Wal-Mart in Japan Essay Sample free essay sample

What were Wal-Mart’s social coincidences and how might they be able to all the more effectually adjust to run into the requests of Nipponese buyers? The way that Nipponese purchasers purchase more new stocks than customers somewhere else. That made take bringing down costs hard since most ranches and piscaries in Japan are pretty much nothing. family-run tasks that regularly offer better exchanges on littler requests rather than on bigger 1s. The stores in Japan are situated in metropoliss and town in each region. what's more, the idea of a retail shop was for all intents and purposes new in view of the attack of worldwide retail shops. Such a significant number of individuals would just keep up on buying in at that place nearby shop. Another aspect of the Nipponese market was the interest for neighborhood customization since something may sell great in Hokkaido is as often as possible dodge by Kyushu. They need to sell focuses fitting to the part. therefor they have quit normalizing there shops all through the state wherein they need to hold a support in net incomes. We will compose a custom article test on Wal-Mart in Japan Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Grocery stores each piece great as strong point general stores are extremely well known shopping finishs for day by day stocks among the Nipponese customers and will in general buy little proportions of stocks. This discloses to us that Japanese individuals need to hold new food market and family stocks for a short clasp. they are non extremely attached to purchasing in bigger aggregates and holding it in stock for bigger times of clasp. They like to obtain there stocks in interims of clasp. this is a result of the restricted aggregate of nation Japanese spot have for this and different stocks. Nipponese buyers are extremely extraordinary in their gustatory sensations and propensities for retail stocks as contrasted and purchasers in different pieces of Asia. each piece great as other created states. Nipponese won’t buy supplement that have a staining on them and additionally Markss on it of any kind. since in this business sectors the picture of the product is the thing that makes the assurance simpler for the costumier on in the case of buying it or non. Be that as it may, note this Japanese individuals likes extravagance focuses as great and will so buy them like a few wallets. spectacless or something different completely. Extravagance focuses in Japan spoke to 40 % of the universes bought extravagance products. Nipponese individuals like to hold excellent focuses. furthermore, hearing the Walmart’s great known motto â€Å"Everyday Low Prices† they won’t even consider buying something from them just in light of the fact that â€Å"low prices† offices for them â€Å"low quality† . So in choice what they have to make is obtain freed of the proverb. since individuals will accept they have low quality and won’t deal anything. They’ll need to happen a way of framing themselves with the piscaries so they may hold new fish and in the agribusiness nation they’ll need to do ordinary checks of there products of the soil so they look in ideal status without any signs of any stains or Markss. Sell littler stocks of family stocks so individuals may buy them. since they’ll have space for it. At long last they will hold to adjust to each part. since Japan is non the equivalent everyplace some will wish a stocks and others won’t be extremely partial to that focuses. what's more, they’ll lose sells on them.

Golden Ratio in the Human Body

THE GOLDEN RATIO IN THE HUMAN BODY GABRIELLE NAHAS IBDP MATH STUDIES THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 23rd 2012 WORD COUNT: 2,839 INTRODUCTION: The Golden Ratio, otherwise called The Divine Proportion, The Golden Mean, or Phi, is a steady that can be seen all through the numerical world. This silly number, Phi (? ) is equivalent to 1. 618 when adjusted. It is depicted as â€Å"dividing a line in the extraordinary and mean ratio†. This implies when you partition sections of a line that consistently have an equivalent remainder. At the point when lines like these are separated, Phi is the remainder: When the dark line is 1. 18 (Phi) times bigger than the blue line and the blue line is 1. multiple times bigger than the red line, you can discover Phi. What makes Phi such a scientific marvel is the manner by which regularly it very well may be found in a wide range of spots and circumstances everywhere throughout the world. It is found in engineering, nature, Fibonacci numbers, and considerably more amazingly,the human body. Fibonacci Numbers have demonstrated to be firmly identified with the Golden Ratio. They are a progression of numbers found by Leonardo Fibonacci in 1175AD. In the Fibonacci Series, each number is the entirety of the two preceding it.The term number is known as ‘n’. The primary term is ‘Un’ in this way, so as to locate the following term in the arrangement, the last two Un and Un+1 are included. (Knott). Recipe: Un + Un+1 = Un+2 Example: The subsequent term (U2) is 1; the third term (U3) is 2. The fourth term will be 1+2, making U3 equivalent 3. Fibonacci Series: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144†¦ When each term in the Fibonacci Series is separated by the term before it, the remainder is Phi, except for the initial 9 terms, which are still extremely near approaching Phi. Term (n)| First Term Un| SecondTerm Un+1| Second Term/First Term (Un+1/Un)| 1| 0| 1| n/a| 2| 1| 3| 1| 2| 4| 2| 3| 1. 5| 3| 5| 1. 667| 6| 5| 8| 1. 6| 7| 8| 13| 1. 625| 8| 13| 21| 1. 615| 9| 21| 34| 1. 619| 10| 34| 55| 1. 618| 11| 55| 89| 1. 618| 12| 89| 144| 1. 618| Lines that follow the Fibonacci Series are discovered everywhere throughout the world and are lines that can be partitioned to discover Phi. One fascinating spot they are found is in the human body. Numerous instances of Phi can be found in the hands, face and body. For instance, when the length of a person’s lower arm is separated by the length of that person’s hand, the remainder is Phi.The good ways from a person’s head to their fingertips isolated by the good ways from that person’s head to their elbows rises to Phi. (Jovanovic). Since Phi is found in such a significant number of normal spots, it is known as the Divine proportion. It very well may be tried in various manners, and has been by different researchers and mathematicians. I have decided to examine the Phi consistent and its appearance in the human body, to discover the proportion in various measured individuals and check whether my outcomes coordinate what is normal. The point of this examination is to discover instances of the number 1. 618 in various individuals and explore different spots where Phi is found.Three proportions will be thought about. The proportions researched are the proportion of head to toe and head to fingertips, the proportion of the most reduced segment of the forefinger to the center segment of the pointer, and the proportion of lower arm to hand. FIGURE 1 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 The main proportion is the white line in the to the light blue line in FIGURE 1 The subsequent proportion is the proportion of the dark line to the blue line in FIGURE 2 The third proportion is the proportion of the light blue line to the dull blue line in FIGURE 3 METHOD: DESIGN: Specific body portions of individuals of various ages and sexual orientations were estimated in centimeters.Five individuals were estimated and every member had these parts es timated: * Distance from head to foot * Distance from head to fingertips * Length of most minimal segment of pointer * Length of center area of forefinger * Distance from elbow to fingertips * Distance from wrist to fingertips The proportions were found, to perceive how close their remainders are to Phi (1. 618). At that point the rate distinction was found for each outcome. Members: The individuals were of various ages and sexual orientations. For assortment, a 4-year-old female, 8-year-old male, 18-year-old female, 18-year-old male and a 45-year-old male were measured.All of the estimations are in this examination with the proportions found and that they are so near the steady Phi are investigated. The outcomes were placed into tables by each arrangement of estimations and the proportions were found. Information: | Participant Measurement ( ± 0. 5 cm)| Measurement| 4/female| 8/male| 18/female| 18/male| 45/male| Distance from head to foot| 105. 5| 124. 5| 167| 180| 185| Distance from head to fingertips| 72. 5| 84| 97| 110| 115| Length of most reduced segment of file finger| 2| 3| Length of center area of record finger| 1. 2| 2. 5| 2| Distance from elbow to fingertips| 27| 30| 40| 48| 50|Distance from wrist to fingertips| 15| 18. 5| 25| 28| 31| RATIO 1: RATIO OF HEAD TO TOE AND HEAD TO FINGERTIPS Measurements Participant| Distance from head to foot ( ±0. 5 cm)| Distance from head to fingertips ( ±0. 5 cm)| 4-year-old female| 105. 5| 72. 5| 8-year-old male| 124. 5| 85| 18-year-old female| 167| 97| 18-year-male| 180| 110| 45-year-old male| 185| 115| Ratios: These are the first remainders that were found from the estimations. As indicated by the Golden Ratio, the normal remainders will all rise to Phi (1. 618). Good ways from head to footDistance from head to fingertips 1. 4-year-old female: 105.  ±0. 5 cm/72. 5â ±0. 5 cm = 1. 455  ± 1. 2% 2. 8-year-old male: 124. 5â ±0. 5 cm/85â ±0. 5 cm = 1. 465  ± 1. 0% 3. 18-year-old female: 167â ±0. 5 cm/97â ±0. 5 cm = 1. 722  ± 5. 2% 4. 18-year-old male: 180â ±0. 5 cm/110â ±0. 5 cm = 1. 636  ± 1. 0% 5. 45-year-old male: 185â ±0. 5 cm/115â ±0. 5 cm = 1. 609  ± 0. 7% How close each outcome is to Phi: This shows the distinction between the real remainder, what was estimated, and the normal remainder (1. 618). This is found by deducting the real remainder from Phi and utilizing the outright incentive to get the distinction so it doesn't offer a negative response. |1. 18-Actual Quotient|=difference among result and Phi The contrast between every remainder and 1. 618: 1. 4-year-old female: |1. 618-1. 455  ± 1. 2%| = 0. 163  ± 1. 2% 2. 8-year-old male: |1. 618-1. 465  ± 1. 0%| = 0. 153  ± 1. 0% 3. 18-year-old female: |1. 618-1. 722  ± 5. 2%| = 0. 1  ± 5. 2% 4. 18-year-old male: |1. 618-1. 636  ± 1. 0%| = 0. 018 5. 45-year-old male: |1. 618-1. 609  ± 0. 7%| = 0. 009 Percentage Error: To discover how close the outcomes are to the normal estimation of Phi, rate mistake can be utilized. Rate blunder is the manner by which close exploratory outcomes are to expected results.Percentage mistake is found by separating the distinction between every remainder and Phi by Phi (1. 618) and duplicating that outcome by 100. This gives you the distinction of the genuine remainder to the normal remainder, Phi, in a rate. (Roberts) Difference1. 618 x100=Percentage distinction among result and Phi 1. 4-year-old female: 0. 163  ± 1. 2%/1. 618 x 100 = 10. 1  ± 0. 12% 2. 8-year-old male: 0. 153  ± 1. 0%/1. 618 x 100 = 9. 46  ± 0. 09% 3. 18-year-old female: 0. 1â ± 5. 2%/1. 618 x 100 = 6. 18  ± 0. 3% 4. 18-year-old male: 0. 018/1. 618 x 100 = 1. 11% 5. 45-year-old male: 0. 009/1. 618 x 100 = 0. 5% AVERAGE: 10. 1  ± 0. 12% + 9. 46  ± 0. 09% + 6. 18  ± 0. 3% + 1. 11% + 0. 55%/5 = 5. 48  ± 0. 5% ANALYSIS: The most elevated rate mistake, the percent distinction between the outcome and Phi, is 10. 1  ± 0. 12%. This is a little rate mistake, and implie s that everything except one of the proportions was over 90% precise. This is a genuine case of the Golden Ratio in the human body since all the qualities are near Phi. Likewise, as the age of the members expands, the rate blunder diminishes, so as individuals get more seasoned, the proportion of their head to feet to the proportion of their head to fingertips draws nearer to PhiRATIO 2: RATIO OF THE MIDDLE SECTION OF THE INDEX FINGER TO THE BOTTOM SECTION OF THE INDEX FINGER Measurements Participant| Length of most reduced segment of forefinger ( ±0. 5 cm)| Length of center segment of forefinger ( ±0. 5 cm)| multi year old female| 2| 1| multi year old male| 3| 2| multi year old female| 3| 2. 5| multi year male| 3| 2| multi year old male| 3| 2| Ratios: Length of most minimal segment of pointer Length of center segment of forefinger 1. 4-year-old female: 2  ± 0. 5 cm/1  ± 0. 5 cm = 2  ± 75% 2. 8-year-old male: 3  ± 0. 5 cm/2  ± 0. 5 cm = 1. 5  ± 42% 3. 18-year-old fem ale: 3  ± 0. 5 cm/2.  ± 0. 5 cm = 1. 2  ± 37% 4. 18-year-old male: 3  ± 0. 5 cm/2  ± 0. 5 cm = 1. 5  ± 42% 5. 45-year-old male: 3  ± 0. 5 cm/2  ± 0. 5 cm = 1. 5  ± 42% How close each outcome is to Phi: |1. 618-Actual Quotient|=difference among result and Phi The contrast between every remainder and 1. 618: 1. 4-year-old female: |1. 618-2  ± 75%| = 0. 382  ± 75% 2. 8-year-old male: |1. 618-1. 5  ± 42%| = 0. 118  ± 42% 3. 18-year-old female: |1. 618-1. 2  ± 37%| = 0. 418  ± 37% 4. 18-year-old male: |1. 618-1. 5  ± 42%| = 0. 118  ± 42% 5. 45-year-old male: |1. 618-1. 5  ± 42%| = 0. 118  ± 42% Percentage Error: Difference1. 18 x100=Percentage distinction among result and Phi 1. 4-year-old female: 0. 382  ± 75%/1. 618 x 100 = 23. 6  ± 17. 7% 2. 8-year-old male: 0. 118  ± 42%/1. 618 x 100 = 7. 3  ± 3. 1% 3. 18-year-old female: 0. 418  ± 37%/1. 618 x 100 = 25. 8  ± 9. 5% 4. 18-year-old male: 0. 118  ± 42%/1. 618 x 100 = 7. 3  ± 3. 1% 5. 45-year-old male: 0. 118  ± 42%/1. 618 x 100 = 7. 3  ± 3. 1% AVERAGE: 23. 6â ±17. 7% + 7. 3  ±3. 1% + 25. 8  ±9. 5% + 7. 3  ±3. 1% + 7. 3  ±3. 1%/5= 14. 3  ± 36. 5% ANALYSIS: With this proportion, 3 of the outcomes come out with a <10% rate blunder, which means they are extremely near Phi (1. 618).In the estimations, 3 of the members had a similar proportion of 3:2. This outcome is very intriguing

Get Your Copy of the Best Test Essay Sample

Get Your Copy of the Best Test Essay SampleThere are a lot of resources out there that will allow you to get your copy of the best Test Essay Sample. However, there are a few things you need to know to make sure that you get the one that's right for you.First, when looking for the book, it is important to check to see if you have an econ textbook. This is because most people will find this book to be a little bit difficult to use. It's a great resource, but some may find it to be a little bit overwhelming. The truth is that econ textbooks don't make up the bulk of your bookshelf.The next thing you need to do is find out if you have a membership with the site. Some sites will charge you a fee for their services. If you're like me, you'll probably look at what they offer first before deciding whether or not to go ahead and pay.Another thing to consider when looking for the best Test Essay Sample is the course that you are taking. Most college students will opt to use this book because it provides a comprehensive text and test structure that you won't find anywhere else. The level of detail that the test covers can be quite detailed and this is what makes it such a helpful resource.A lot of test writers also find that this material provides a lot of rich material that they use as a basis for the tests they create. If you're studying, then you may want to have a copy of this book handy. You can find one out there in any number of places, but you're going to have to know where to look.The last thing you need to keep in mind when looking for the best Test Essay Sample is to make sure that it is complete. If you're looking at this book, then you want to make sure that it's not a place where you have to go back and read all of the sections once more. This may sound like a no-brainer, but many test writing courses out there will send you to a page on their website that lists the chapters, making it difficult to track your progress.So when looking for the best Test Essay Sample, I recommend checking out this site. It's a really good resource for those students who need a little guidance when they're preparing for their exams.

The Tragedy Of Medieval Society - 2295 Words

Medieval society was a society bound by personal relations with an authority based on the twin pillars: classical antiquity and Christianity. Between 1300 and 1800 European society underwent a gradual cultural deconstruction, through the religious reformation, scientific revolution, and development in social relations which broke down the authority of these twin pillars and redefined European society. This was a radical break that marked the 18th century as a critical moment of change in European history. Life in pre-enlightenment Europe centred around the divine, which answered questions that couldn’t be answered by accepted knowledge. Everyday thinking was influenced by the religious linear historical progression that was distinct and†¦show more content†¦People found comfort and commonality between each other in the church, and thus a common, unified cultural and religious identity was shared there. There was also apprehension about their survival, both in everyday life and eternal Salvation, and thus found comfort in the sacred. Thus, the Church was important not just as a place of worship but also as a form of identity and comfort. Community was not only experienced through the church, and the Early Modern period can be characterised as a period of development from â€Å"Space† to â€Å"place† – creating places with meaning for the community. Rural society was a topographical patchwork wherein rich and poor were bound by the harvest quality each year. Only 10 – 20 percent of Early Modern Europeans lived in towns. Towns were the local political, economic, administrative and cultural centres, however the extent of urbanisation differed between states and were dependant on several factors including economic shifts, political forces, and socio-economic diversity. Thus, urban society experienced, accommodated, and influenced social, economic, and cultural change in this period, as towns were the forefront of the major trends. The development of universitas in the 12-13th centuries is crucial in the creation of intellectual culture, and the concept of community in Early Modern Europe. People grouped together for protection, as many were

Immigration Policies During The 9 / 11 - 848 Words

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Histopathology The Process of Microscopic Examination of Biological T

Question: What is the Histopathology? Explain the process of microscopic examination of biological tissue. Answer: Histopathology is the process of microscopic examination of biological tissue to observe the appearance of diseases cells and tissues in the body. It gives an idea about the pathophysiology of the illness. In the field of clinical medicine, it mainly refers to the monitoring of a biopsy and surgical specimen. The pathologist examines it after placing histological sections on glass slides. As histopathology provides detailed information of tissues microscopically, it has become a primary diagnostic tool in the laboratory. Histopathological examinations are closely linked to patient history, clinical examination, etc. to confirm the final diagnosis of disease. 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GMS is the type of stain fungi and components like glycogen and mucin. These components of fungi are identified by the black color of the cell after the GMS staining. In our study, GMS staining gave negative results thereby confirming that fungal infection is not present (1). PAS or Periodic Acid-Schiff is the particular kind used in dermatopathology laboratory. It is the most frequently used special staining method. The positive stain in this process is identified by purplish-red or magenta colour. It is a useful stain to observe the presence of neutral mucoploysaccharide like glycogen. PAS stain helps in the identification of basement membrane material and thickness. Therefore in this study, PAS stain gives an idea about the abnormality of a base membrane of tissues. The defect in membrane leads to transfer of cells from epidermal layer to the dermal wall. In this study PAS stain gave positive results due to the presence of glycogen in tissue. Therefore, it is a good sign for the presence of glycogen in tumor cells (2). It is a unique stain used to characterize and differentiate different connective and soft tissue. Certain biological disorders like perivascular fibrosis, scar formation and lesions are diagnosed by use of Massons Trichome. In this study the stain coloured the epidermaly layer of smooth muscle with pink stain and the collagen was stained in blue colour. But the concentration of collagen in this particular tissue is very high. It implies that tissue is trying to recover from abnormality (4). CK5/6 is a type of antibody used in diagnostic surgical pathology. It distinctive characteristic is that it stains squamous carcinomas strongly. It is employed in the diagnosis of varieties of Squamous Carcinomas, Pagets disease and Epithelial Mesothelioma. CK5/6 stain showed reactivity in this study (7). Another test could be done like Perl's stain to prove hemosiderin pigment, Schmorl's stain to confirm the presence of melanin pigment, Ber-EP4 and BCL-2 test to identify basal cell carcinoma. After different types of staining test, it can be confirmed that the case is about superficial basal cells carcinomas (BCC). BCC is mostly prevalent in Australia. According to the latest survey, the rate of diagnosis of BCC is 1041 per 1 lakh men and 745 per 1 lakh women. It is common in both sexes with 52% lesions occurring on the head, 13% on the upper limb, 27% in the trunk and 8% in lower limbs (8). Conclusion It can be concluded that 60 years old aboriginal male patient is suffering from non-healing cancer on the side of his face. For histppathological examinations, skin bipsy has given a negative test for the presence of fungal infection. However after a series of another test, it was finally concluded that the patient has superficial basal cell carcinoma. Reference Bernhardt A, von Bomhard W, Antweiler E, Tintelnot K. Molecular identification of fungal pathogens in nodular skin lesions of cats. Medical mycology. 2015 Feb 1;53(2):132-44. Didelot X, Bowden R, Wilson DJ, Peto TE, Crook DW. Transforming clinical microbiology with bacterial genome sequencing. Nature Reviews Genetics. 2012 Sep 1;13(9):601-12. Elder DE, Elenitsas R, Rubin AI, Ioffreda M, Miller J, Miller OF. Atlas and Synopsis of Lever's Histopathology of the Skin. Lippincott Williams Wilkins; 2012 Sep 26. Herro R, Antunes RD, Aguilera AR, Tamada K, Croft M. The tumor necrosis factor superfamily molecule LIGHT promotes keratinocyte activity and skin fibrosis. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2015 Aug 1;135(8):2109-18. Pletneva MA, Andea A, Palanisamy N, Betz BL, Carskadon S, Wang M, Patel RM, Fullen DR, Harms PW. Clear cell melanoma: a cutaneous clear cell malignancy. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine. 2014 Oct;138(10):1328-36. Regezi, J.A., Sciubba, J.J. and Jordan, R.C., 2012.Oral pathology: clinical pathologic correlations. Elsevier Health Sciences. Reinstein E, Pariani M, Bannykh S, Rimoin DL, Schievink WI. Connective tissue spectrum abnormalities associated with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks: a prospective study. European Journal of Human Genetics. 2013 Apr 1;21(4):386-90. Reinau D, Surber C, Jick SS, Meier CR. Epidemiology of basal cell carcinoma in the United Kingdom: incidence, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. British journal of cancer. 2014 Jul 1;111(1):203-6.

Perspectives on Church Government free essay sample

A model may sometimes be referred to as â€Å"polity†, the definition of a polity is â€Å"the form of government of a nation, state, church, or organization. † (The Free Dictionary n. d. ) Each model will be discussed and defended by an author, and later that chapter is rebutted by fellow authors, stating their opinions and rebuttals. (Brand and Norman 2004) The 5 Models of Church Government Single-Elder-Led Church This model is discussed by Daniel Akin, President of Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary. What does the Scripture say about the number of elders in a congregation? The Scripture didn’t specify whether there should be only a single elder in a congregation, but it has been noticed that the word is usually addressed in a plural manner, telling us that elders ruled as a collective body. Akin stated that it doesn’t matter how many elders there in a congregation, what’s important is who they are. We will write a custom essay sample on Perspectives on Church Government or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So what is a single-elder-led church, if elders ruled as a collective body? A single-elder-led church is a congregation where an elder is elected, not in rank, age, or importance, but rather in recognition by his people. He is recognized as a leader among other elders. An example given in the book is the book of Numbers Chapter 11, where Moses was directed by God to gather a group of elders to share the burden of judging the people. Akin noted, the elders shared the work with Moses but yet remained under him. (Brand and Norman 2004) What then is the strength of this polity? The elders’ authority is not based by their appointment from above, but by the people who recognized his leadership, moral standing, i. e. he was deemed worthy of leading by the people around him. This should bring a worthy and capable leader for the congregation. One who they know would be capable. The weakness I see from this model is the chance for an elder to implement an authority through autocracy. (Brand and Norman 2004) Presbytery-Led Church This chapter was written by Robert L. Reymond. The word Presbyterianism means governance by the elders. A Presbyterian church is led by a group or council of elders elected by their congregations. It is noted that when elders or overseers are elected, they will not carry out the congregation’s will but rather, rule in agreement with the Word of God, not primarily in agreement with the will of the congregation. Brand and Norman 2004, 95) Presbyterians have urged that there is evidence that the elders of local churches act together with other local congregations in the same area, forming a network like form of leadership. An example given by Reymond is the book of Acts 15:4, where the elders of Jerusalem acted under the name of â€Å"the church of Jerusalem†. This showed a connectional manner of leadership. So what is Connectionalism? It is where all leaders and congregations are connected in a network of loyalties and commitments that support, yet supersede, local concerns. (dictionary. sensagent. com n. d. This makes each and every congregation reflect mutual accountability, dependency, and submission among them (Brand and Norman 2004, 95). Reymond, the author, firmly believes that Presbytery-Led church model is â€Å"the most trustworthy, just and peaceful way for the church to determine its principles, its practices and its priorities and to resolve its differences. (Brand and Norman 2004, 135) How effective is this model? It is, at most times. It provides the most trustworthy, just, and peaceful way for the church to settle or determine its principles, practices, priorities, and resolve its differences. Looking at it this way, it seems to be really effective, where fair decisions are made by discussions and arguments on the assembly held and attended by different elders of local congregations. But one must think that different people hold different views, understandings or beliefs on some issues. For example, some of the elders may or may not agree on contraceptives. Once a decision is made about an issue, those who had a different view will be forced to accept the decision made by the council. (Brand and Norman 2004) Congregation-Led Church This model was discussed by James Leo Garrett, Jr. He begins the chapter by describing what a congregational-led church is: â€Å"that form of church governance in which final human authority rests with the local or particular congregation when it gathers for decision-making. This means that decisions about membership, leadership, doctrine, worship, conduct, missions, finances, property, relationships, and the like are to be made by the gathered congregation except when such decisions have been delegated by the congregation to individual members or groups of members. (Brand and Norman 2004, 157) Simply said, unlike the Presbyterian form of polity, the Congregational-led church’s decisions were made by the whole congregation, where each member expresses their opinion on each decision-making. Democracy, this is the strength of Congregational-led form of church government. Each and every member of a local congregation can express his or her own opinion on decision-making. Although they can voice out their opinions on the decisions being made by their local congregation, these ecisions only affect their congregation, therefore may cause minor differences between local congregations, this is the weakness of this polity. (Brand and Norman 2004) Bishop-Led Church The Bishop-led church, as the name suggests, is simply a polity by which the church is under the authority of a bishop. In this chapter, Paul F. M. Zahl, Dean and President of Trinity Episcopal School for Ministry, defended this polity by presenting the readers a thorough discussion about this polity. Unlike how the other polities were presented with the use of scriptures, Zahl used old traditions and logical structure of different churches around the world. He used this information as an argument to point out the truthfulness and the bene essse of churches governed by bishops. The strength of this polity is the â€Å"One individual, one man, can do it†. Because of this, Spain became successful of promulgating Christianity among to the whole nation because one good officer is sufficient to take charge of a whole mission. (Brand and Norman 2004, 231) On the other hand, the weakness of a bishop-led church is Prelacy which means the authoritarian â€Å"personal rule† of one man. This means that the bishop, instead of performing what is written in the doctrine, becomes overpowered by his self-centered ambitions thus, in turn becomes a tyrant on governing the church. (Brand and Norman 2004, 232) Plural-Elder-Led Church This model was defended by James R. White. This model has similarities to the Presbyterian form of church polity; both have local congregations led by a group or council of elders. The difference is, the Plural-Elder-Led church is independent, unlike the Presbytery-led church where they answer to higher council of elders. James White emphasizes the importance of self-sufficiency when it comes to governing local congregations. If a church cannot function independently or has to answer to a higher power, then the offices established in that church are seen to be unfit to govern the congregation. (Brand and Norman 2004, 259) It is also similar in many ways to the single-elder-led and the congregational forms of church government, such as being independent and making decisions within the local congregations, difference is in leadership. As the name suggests, the local congregation is led by a group or council of elders. Unlike the single-elder-led church, the plural-elder-led church is led by elders of equal ranks. (Brand and Norman 2004) The strengths of this kind of polity is that it seems to be supported by events or instances were written in the Scripture, one would think it would be the right form of church government because of this. An example would be from the book of Hebrews 13:17, the verse started with the words â€Å"Obey your leaders†. The weakness I see is that, would these elders always agree with each other? How would they deal with elders who fail to uphold their duties? How about the local congregation? Don’t they any say on matters being settled by the elders? They weren’t clear about this matter. My Church My church is Grove Missionary Baptist Church which is located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. The polity followed by our church is Single-Led Church since the pastor is elected by the Church body as the leader of the Church in both spiritual and administrative, and different deacons are assigned to different tasks such as financial records, cleanliness of the church, etc. For the Organizational Structure, since the current Christian Education Department serves as the foundation for teaching, Bible Study, Sunday School, Missionary Department, First Aid, Department, Usher Board, Newsletter, Media Ministry, Fitness Ministry and Deaconess Ministries. Since the department has 10 different ministries in it, it somehow hampers the development of the department and its ministries, so I would recommend they be separated into auxiliaries so that they may recruit more and further develop themselves as separate departments. I would also consider reviewing the need of the Church Council in the structure of a Baptist Church because it is open for members from other Ministries and they might not be a good fit for a Church Council Member, meaning sometimes it can get a little political. As for its form of government, Id recommend not changing into another form or polity. I believe it may only cause confusion or unnecessary changes to an already effective church. Changing the form of government won’t necessarily improve what we do or want to teach. Conclusion â€Å"Christians do not all agree on just how churches are to be governed or structured† (Brand and Norman 2004, 11) says Stanton, one of the editors, because the New Testament doesn’t specify exactly how the church should be organized or managed. Thus, each model argues and claims to be the most authentic through Biblical authenticity, citing Biblical verses and events. (Brand and Norman 2004) One thing is for certain though, the Lord clearly stated in the Scripture how He wishes His churches to be managed. First, Christ is the head of church and its supreme authority according to Colossians 1:18, and second, these local churches will be governed by elders. The Lord gave specific instructions or qualifications for someone to be an elder according to Titus 1:5-9. (Got Questions?. org n. d. ) What matters is that every church, no matter the form of church government or polity, to remain true to the Scripture. And every elder, bishop, overseer, deacons, and believer will respect and follow the Word of God and that they would always worship and praise the Lord.

The Consumers Decision

The Consumers Decision Introduction Consumers are individuals or groups that drive the economy by purchasing goods and services. Consumer behavior tries to explain why, how and when people do not buy or do buy products and services (Schiffman Kanuk, 2010, p. 12). As a matter of fact, it blends both aspects of sociology, psychology, social anthropology and economics.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Consumers Decision-Making Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a broad perspective, consumer behavior tends to give us a better understanding of various consumer demographics and behavioral variables. Consumer behavior tries to give us a good insight on the influence of groups and the society on a given consumer. These groups can be friends, family and reference groups (Schiffman Kanuk, 2010, p. 12). On the other hand, a consumer plays the roles of being a payer, user and buyer. Discussion Consumer behavior Consumer behavior can be further understood by looking at various buyer characteristics. This can be motivations, attitudes, personality, perceptions, lifestyle and knowledge. Most of these consumer actions are directed towards the satisfaction of needs and wants. A consumer can not make a decision unless he/she has been influenced to do so. This can emanate from either internal or external influences. Internal influences can be psychographics and demographics that are further reinforced by individual characteristics (Nigel, 2007, p. 21). External influences on the other hand, can be locality, culture, family, sex, social class or lifestyle. These aspects have an impact on the overall consumer decision. Behind the noble act of making purchases by consumers, there lies a decision process. Consumer decision making process This brings us to the consumer decision making process that goes through various stages. These include; problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, decision and then post decision evaluation (Nigel, 2007, p. 28). Problem recognition is where a consumer sees a significant difference between his two states (actual and ideal) These individual notions are got from personal expectations and aspirations. In addition, consumers will know what is ideal through reference groups, culture and effective marketing. This will lead them to the next stage of information search that may be either internal or external.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Internal information search can be done by recalling experiences and feelings. Feelings are mostly a recollection of brands and products. Information about evaluation and attributes can also be recalled (Sandhusen, 2000, p. 32). On the other hand, external search revolves around information that is sourced from outside sources. By doing this, consumers will be engaged in an ongoing sea rch and pre-purchase. These external sources can be media search, independent search, retailers’ search and internet sources. Consumers engage in external search because of their ability, motivation and opportunity to process information (Schiffman Kanuk, 2010, p. 12). After this stage, consumers have to evaluate various alternatives. This is done by identifying alternatives and a good evaluative criterion. In addition, it involves the identification of brands which ends up with the rating of various product alternatives. After this has been done, consumers are now free to make decisions. This is done by the selection and purchase of product alternatives. These decision rules can be either compensatory or non compensatory (Sandhusen, 2000, p. 39). Finally, the decision making process ends with post decision evaluation. This means that consumers will have to evaluate products as they use them. In the end, we will have dissatisfied and satisfied consumers. Consumer behavior ha s in most occasions been influenced by various circumstances. These circumstances revolve around the purchase of a given good or service. It should be understood that there are various factors that influence a given consumer behavior (Joshi, 2005, p. 16). These can be; cost of goods or services, number of alternatives considered, degree of information search, length of time to make a decision and the level of consumer involvement. In a broad perspective, they can be grouped as social, cultural, individual and psychological factors. The impact of digital revolution on consumer behavior This brings us to an important aspect of the impact of digital revolution on consumer behavior. It is undeniable that the internet (digital revolution) has changed the way people (consumers) obtain information about potential purchases. This therefore means that technology is changing their lives as consumers. Digital revolution has redefined marketing with more emphasis being laid on one-to-one market ing. This is aimed at attaining customers, selling more products and making profits.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Consumers Decision-Making Process specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Digital revolution has enhanced the customization of products and services (Bigne, 2005, p. 34). This means that promotional messages are being done in a different way that has never been seen before. In addition, it has enhanced relationships with distinct customers. As a matter of fact, there are various changes to the business environment as a result of digital revolution. These changes have increased consumer power and access to information. Because of this, consumers are more informed about products. Since producers and manufacturers have access to various consumer patterns and preferences, more products and services are being offered. This is because digital revolution has increased and widened the market (Bigne, 200 5, p. 39). In addition, consumers have access to interactive and instant exchanges. This has redefined the normal and traditional behavior that they were used to. In this case, consumers can order for goods online and pay electronically. This evolution (to consumer behavior) has been enhanced by web connection and mobile phones. The internet and digital revolution has changed the way consumers obtain products. A notable impact has been felt from the way consumers make purchases all over the world. Digital revolution has been characterized by the emergence of a one stop shop for all products and services. This has almost killed the traditional market place. Consumers can now access a variety of goods and services at the click of a button without any problem (Bigne, 2005, p. 39). This has ultimately changed their general behavior as consumers. Increased access to information means that consumers are in a better position to make informed decisions. This can be done at their own time an d convenience without any major concerns. Marketers on the other hand are in a better position to gather information about consumers. This enables them to devise new approaches to consumer behavior. In the long run, the general consumer patterns and behavior are altered. The most significant impact of digital revolution on consumer behavior can be seen in the purchase of goods and services (Joshi, 2005, p. 18). This is characterized by e-shopping carts and numerous electronic pay services. Definitely, this gives a new definition to the general consumer behavior. In addition, consumers have learnt to adapt to the ever- changing electronic market. This means that they have embraced e-shopping in their daily lives. Digital revolution allows and offers a responsive user friendly purchasing experience. In this case, consumers can get more value for their money as they purchase products and services. As much as digital revolution has had a positive impact on consumer behavior, there are v arious concerns that need to be attended to.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There is an argument that the social aspect of shopping is being eroded (Bigne, 2005, p. 76). This is because some people enjoy talking to shoppers and sales staffs. Therefore, the social reward aspect of shopping does not exist in digital and online shopping. In addition, web access is still a problem to most consumers. This implies that low penetration of e-commerce in these areas will limit their use. There is need to deal with security concerns that have been brought about by digital revolution (Bigne, 2005, p. 98). Conclusion Digital revolution continues to have a big impact on consumer behavior. As a matter of fact, it has enhanced the customization of products and services. This means that promotional messages are being done in a different way that has never seen before. In addition, it has enhanced relationships with distinct customers. On the other hand, there are various changes to the business environment as a result of digital revolution. These changes have increased con sumer power and access to information. Because of this, consumers are more informed about products. Consumer behavior has in most occasions been influenced by various circumstances. These circumstances revolve around the purchase of a given good or service. It should be understood that there are various factors that influence consumer behavior. These can be; cost of goods or services, number of alternatives considered, degree of information search, length of time to make a decision and the level of consumer involvement. In a broad perspective, they can be grouped as social, cultural, individual and psychological factors. Reference List Bigne, E. (2005). The Impact of Internet User Shopping Patterns and Demographics on Consumer Mobile Buying Behavior. Valencia: University of Valencia press. Joshi, R. M. (2005). International Marketing. New York: Oxford University Press. Nigel, B. (2007). Marketing Research: Tools and Techniques. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sandhusen, L, R. (2000 ). Marketing. New York: Barrons Educational Series. Schiffman, G, L., Kanuk, L, L. (2010). Consumer Behavior. USA: Pearson Education.

BUSINESS MODELS AND PLANNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BUSINESS MODELS AND PLANNING - Essay Example h clients, suppliers, and other stakeholders in the businesses, and distribute their products, which led to the establishment of new business structures (Nielsen & Lund 23). Internet-based business models led to the improvement in efficiencies and the establishment of new distribution channels for many businesses such as in the banking industry. With the crashing of the tech stock in the late 90s, the perception that anything dot-com was profitable changed. Dot-com companies and indeed many businesses realized that their presence in the web was no guarantee that they were going to be profitable. As a result, businesses had to come up with new business models so as to improve their attractiveness and ensure their survival. Organizations had therefore to come up with new strategies and structures that would see them allocate resources in new ways to fulfill both short and long term business goals. Many scholars also delved into the subject of business modeling with the aim of coming up with profit-formulas for e-businesses (Nielsen & Lund 23). For example, Afuah and Tucci postulated that the profit formular revolved around production, mark-up, commission, and advertising. An organigraph is an organizational diagram that is dedicated to demonstrating how an organization works; how products, information and individuals interact within the organization (Nielsen & Lund 25). In this respect, like the organizational diagram or chart, the organigraph may present the formal organization of the business as well as its actions. While the organigraph has a set and chain like the traditional organizational chart, it also includes the hub (which serves as a centre for coordination) and the web (which presents the link between different aspects of the organization). On the other hand, the business model helps in structuring and addressing main issues that surround the business including such things as the organizational values, culture, and governance (Nielsen & Lund 24). In

Argument for and Against Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Argument for and Against Education - Essay Example Such oppositions of education are because of the numerous ineffective educational institutions existing today. These educational institutions have compromised the quality of education and have only opened people’s eyes, but completely closed their minds. This is a worrying situation, as today’s education systems have not achieved their full potential of empowering people’s mind and soul. Our education systems therefore play an important role in hindering the purpose of education today. Nonetheless, education is the main factor that encompassing our lives today. It is instrumental in the stimulation of the human mind, as well as turning inquisitive minds into intellectuals. Institutions of higher learning advance the intellect to a higher level, providing them a deeper understanding of the world around us. The benefits of education are all encompassing, including intellectual, social, and emotional benefits. However, Veblen (1957, p.139) argues that in the busines s world, there is no need for education, basing on confessions of prominent business people, who regarded higher learning as a hindrance, which does not help anyone with successful business aspirations. To him, the money culture, and customer-oriented pervasions of education values have commodified education, measuring its worth by monetary units. This reduces education to nothing, and prevents students and teachers from pursuing knowledge freely, as they only pursue academic credits. Commodification of education in the institutions of higher learning today is an issue that has portrayed education in a negative life. This is what makes most people argue against education today. In today’s age of financial greed, many institutions of higher learning... This essay stresses that our present society has evolved into the culture of materialism and the love for money. This culture has found its way into the learning institutions, thereby causing the commodification of education and the commercialization of researches, thus compromising the quality of education in these institutions. This unfortunate situation in our higher learning institutions is not reason enough to disregard education. This paper makes a conclusion that the role of education and its numerous social and economic benefits in society cannot be denied. Education is a known means to poverty eradication and development. Today’s technological advances and economic development are a result of education. Education remains the only basis for future development. Education programs therefore need to be fully funded, as this is a worthy investment for any country. Redefinition of education to capture its original purpose is necessary today. Governments should be devoted to providing support systems for revamping of their education systems. We need to take our educational systems to their old days, when they upheld values and served their function. This way, the function and quality of education today will be enhanced. However, this should be a collective role for both government and the public. The public should know the requirements of education, and not allow these to be violated by politicians or the media.

Romeo and Juliet, analytical essay Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet, analytical essay Essay Romeo and Juliet is an extremely well-known play written by William Shakespeare in the late 1590s. It is a story about an ancient rivalry between two wealthy families which is defied by two teenage star-crossed lovers who tragically die. The play was set in the Elizabethan era in Verona Italy. Despite that the play was written four hundred years ago it continues to capture the imaginations of teenagers in the 21st century, and the themes within the play are still seen in modern culture. These themes include infatuation, emotional extremity and rebellion. Romeo and Juliet is the most famous love story in English literature history, infatuation is naturally the play’s foremost and most significant theme as Romeo and Juliet become infatuated with each other in an impossible situation. Romeo and his friends have crashed the Capulet’s party and Romeo has just laid eyes on Juliet, Romeo says â€Å"O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night like a rich jewel in an Ethiopia’s ear; Shakespeare’s use of metaphor â€Å"O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! † (1. 5. 2) reflects Romeo’s extreme infatuation with Juliet as he idolises her, Romeo is saying how beautiful and glowing Juliet is by comparing her to the stars. The love between Romeo and Juliet can come across as immature and impulsive which is why it is also known as infatuation. Teenagers in the 21st century still have these impulsive emotions which cause them to make immature decisions which aren’t thought through clearly with all the outcomes considered; examples of these impulsive actions are sexting, and having an un-committed sexual relationship. Romeo’s wild emotions majorly impact those directly around him, especially Juliet. Romeo’s emotions are always very intense and usually change quite quickly without much thought to the previous matter which caused his emotions to go wild in the first place. Juliet is impacted by these extreme emotions as seen later in the play that Juliet’s level headedness is thrown out the window and quickly replaced with similar intense emotions just like Romeo. These emotions are seen commonly among teenagers now days, due to raging hormones and increasing pressure from other substantial causes, irrational mood swings and impulsive decisions

Local Culture and College Culture Essays -- Short Story Journalistic P

Local Culture and College Culture As the door swings open, five young males stroll into the restaurant displaying earrings, dreadlocks, and counterculture clothing, which causes several dozen flannel-clad, middle-aged men to turn their heads. The young men, all Goshen College students, sit down at a table in the corner and smile to themselves while the other customers continue to stare and chuckle at them for a few minutes. After the smirking waitress comes and kindly takes their orders, the guys recline in their seats and gaze out the window at the dawning sunlight, glad to be back for another quality breakfast at Southern Style. This scene has become routine for a group of five guys that wake up at 6:30 a.m. each Friday morning (two hours after Southern Style opens) to frequent the restaurant, located beside the Goshen Hardware Do it Center on Rt. 33, about a mile north of the intersection with College Avenue. The tradition began over a year ago when a group of friends (all male) at Goshen College started visiting various local diners on Friday mornings before classes started. The group gradually thinned out to about five regulars, who eventually established Southern Style as the permanent eatery of choice for their Friday morning outings. The group members give varying reasons for sacrificing sleep to return to Southern Style each week. Joel Beachy cites "food, friendship, and fellowship." Ryan Nofziger likes the "change of pace" from his busy college life that he gets by sitting and socializing for a couple hours in the diner. Andrew Histand (Stan) adds, "After a busy week, when we all convene at Southern Style†¦it's one of the most beautiful things," as he begins to choke up with ... ..."greasy-ass rotating cloth towel mechanism" in the bathroom that requires customers to dry off their wet hands and faces on used fabric that makes them feel like "you're wiping your face in someone else's lice." Andrew suggests that "the USDA needs to make a surprise visit" to Southern Style in the near future. Despite these scattered complaints about the restaurant, both the college students and the middle-aged construction workers remain religiously faithful to Southern Style. The diner's customers seem to find a sense of relaxation and togetherness within the restaurant's grease-splattered walls that they do not find in their lives outside of Southern Style. More than the food or the appearance, perhaps this laid-back, friendly ambiance makes Southern Style, as an anonymous customer states, "one of the only places open that's worth eating breakfast at."

Extreme Couponers Essay

1. Look at the examples of extreme behaviors described in the article, then go online and find one more example of extreme consumers. Describe it in detail and discuss how you would deal with these consumers if you were a marketer for the company whose product(s) these extreme consumers are infatuated with. 2. Why do you think so many managers actively avoid or are wary of extreme consumers?  Another example of an extreme consumer is the shopper who radically values savings, specifically those achieved through the use of couponing. You may have heard about them from the television, or even waited in line behind one at the grocery store. These are people who go to extremes to save money by spending copious amounts of time clipping coupons from paper media advertisements. Often manufacturers will promote their goods by offering a limited discount if you redeem one of the coupons they have distributed through their marketing channels. It has even become something of a fad with television shows such as â€Å"Extreme Couponing,† which highlights some of these super-savvy consumers. As a marketer for one of these companies distributing these savings, I would embrace the shopper who takes the time to search for deals by offering more savings for continued purchases or even higher quantity orders. Even with a reduced profit margin, the company will see increased revenues through number of units sold. Managers may actively or even passively avoid some of these extreme consumers because they are intimidated by their product knowledge or they just don’t want to dedicate a larger portion of time to someone who has an obvious infatuation. They may dismiss these people as crazy or neurotic and simply not devote any part of their day to minding them. It would be better to encourage them and consequently heightening the consumer’s already loyal tendencies.

Extreme Couponers Essay

1. Look at the examples of extreme behaviors described in the article, then go online and find one more example of extreme consumers. Describe it in detail and discuss how you would deal with these consumers if you were a marketer for the company whose product(s) these extreme consumers are infatuated with. 2. Why do you think so many managers actively avoid or are wary of extreme consumers?  Another example of an extreme consumer is the shopper who radically values savings, specifically those achieved through the use of couponing. You may have heard about them from the television, or even waited in line behind one at the grocery store. These are people who go to extremes to save money by spending copious amounts of time clipping coupons from paper media advertisements. Often manufacturers will promote their goods by offering a limited discount if you redeem one of the coupons they have distributed through their marketing channels. It has even become something of a fad with television shows such as â€Å"Extreme Couponing,† which highlights some of these super-savvy consumers. As a marketer for one of these companies distributing these savings, I would embrace the shopper who takes the time to search for deals by offering more savings for continued purchases or even higher quantity orders. Even with a reduced profit margin, the company will see increased revenues through number of units sold. Managers may actively or even passively avoid some of these extreme consumers because they are intimidated by their product knowledge or they just don’t want to dedicate a larger portion of time to someone who has an obvious infatuation. They may dismiss these people as crazy or neurotic and simply not devote any part of their day to minding them. It would be better to encourage them and consequently heightening the consumer’s already loyal tendencies.

Extreme Couponers Essay

1. Look at the examples of extreme behaviors described in the article, then go online and find one more example of extreme consumers. Describe it in detail and discuss how you would deal with these consumers if you were a marketer for the company whose product(s) these extreme consumers are infatuated with. 2. Why do you think so many managers actively avoid or are wary of extreme consumers?  Another example of an extreme consumer is the shopper who radically values savings, specifically those achieved through the use of couponing. You may have heard about them from the television, or even waited in line behind one at the grocery store. These are people who go to extremes to save money by spending copious amounts of time clipping coupons from paper media advertisements. Often manufacturers will promote their goods by offering a limited discount if you redeem one of the coupons they have distributed through their marketing channels. It has even become something of a fad with television shows such as â€Å"Extreme Couponing,† which highlights some of these super-savvy consumers. As a marketer for one of these companies distributing these savings, I would embrace the shopper who takes the time to search for deals by offering more savings for continued purchases or even higher quantity orders. Even with a reduced profit margin, the company will see increased revenues through number of units sold. Managers may actively or even passively avoid some of these extreme consumers because they are intimidated by their product knowledge or they just don’t want to dedicate a larger portion of time to someone who has an obvious infatuation. They may dismiss these people as crazy or neurotic and simply not devote any part of their day to minding them. It would be better to encourage them and consequently heightening the consumer’s already loyal tendencies.

Zoology The Science and Study of Animals

Zoology is the study of animals, a complex discipline that draws upon a diverse body of scientific observation and theory. It can be broken down into numerous sub-disciplines: ornithology (the study of birds), primatology (the study of primates), ichthyology (the study of fish), and entomology (the study of insects), to name a few. As a whole, zoology encompasses a fascinating and important body of knowledge that enables us to better understand animals, wildlife, our environment, and ourselves To embark upon the task of defining zoology, we explore the following three questions: How do we study animals? How do we name and classify animals? How do we organize the knowledge we acquire about animals? How Animals Are Studies Zoology, like all areas of science, is shaped by the scientific method. The scientific method--a series of steps that scientists take in order to acquire, test, and characterize the natural world--is the process by which zoologists study animals. How Animals Are Classified Taxonomy, the study of the classification and nomenclature of living things, enables us to assign names to animals and to group them into meaningful categories. Living things are classified into a hierarchy of groups, the highest level being the kingdom, followed by the phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. There are five kingdoms of living things: plants, animals, fungi, monera, and Protista. Zoology, the study of animals, focuses on those organisms in the animal kingdom. Organizing Our Knowledge of Animals Zoological information can be organized into a hierarchy of topics that focus on different levels of organization: the molecular or cellular level, the individual organism level, the population level, the species level, the community level, the ecosystem level, and so forth. Each level aims to describe animal life from a different perspective.